1. Dry heat sterilization
1.1 burning and flame sterilization: burning is mainly used for sterilization of inoculation tools, and complete sterilization can be achieved by burning on the flame. Flame sterilization is usually used in aseptic operation. Test tube mouth, glass bottle mouth, silicone fluoroplastic plug, etc. are repeatedly passed through the flame for several times, and the flame is used to sterilize the pipe mouth, etc. to prevent pipe mouth pollution. It is used as an auxiliary sterilization means in the process of aseptic operation.
1.2 dry baking sterilization: use heat radiation and dry hot air for sterilization. Generally, the articles to be inspected and sterilized, such as metal, glass and ceramic products, can be sterilized by dry heat in the oven after packaging. Generally, it can be completely sterilized by heating to 160 ℃ and holding for 2h. However, it should not exceed 170 ℃, and the glass measuring tool is easy to deform. If the temperature drops too fast, the sudden cooling is easy to cause the glassware to burst. During dry heat sterilization, the articles put into the dry oven should not be tight, but should have gaps, which is conducive to the flow of hot air. If they are too dense, the temperature will be uneven, and some articles are not sterilized completely.
2. Damp heat sterilization
The steam temperature is increased by pressurization and sterilized with high-pressure steam, which has strong penetration, high temperature and the best sterilization effect.
Precautions: 1 Completely eliminate the cold air in the autoclave. When there is cold air, the temperature reached under the same gauge pressure is lower, and the less cold air is discharged, the lower the temperature is. During high-pressure steam sterilization, in order to ensure the specified temperature, the cold air must be completely eliminated. Otherwise, although the pressure reaches, but the temperature does not meet the specified requirements, the sterilization will not be complete.
3. Ultraviolet light
The sterilization spectrum is wide, but the penetration is weak, there are many influencing factors, and the sterilization efficiency is limited to a certain extent.
The effect of ultraviolet disinfection is related to ultraviolet intensity, irradiation time, temperature and humidity.
China stipulates that the irradiation intensity of ultraviolet lamp shall not be less than 70 at a distance of 1m μ w/cm2。 Generally, if the UV lamp is used for more than 100h, it shall be replaced. Dust on the surface reduces the sterilization effect. The sterilization temperature of UV lamp is 20 ~ 40 ℃, and the relative humidity is 40% ~ 60%.